High energy storage and ultrafast discharge in NaNbO3-based lead-free dielectric capacitors via a relaxor strategy

Dielectric capacitors with decent energy storage and fast charge-discharge performances are essential in advanced pulsed power systems. In this study, novel ceramics (1-x)NaNbO₃-xBi(Ni_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃(xBNN, x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20) with high energy storage capability, large power density and ultrafast discharge speed were designed and prepared. The impedance analysis proves that the introducing an appropriate amount of Bi(Ni_0·5Nb_0.5)O₃ boosts the insulation ability, thus obtaining a high breakdown strength (E_b) of 440 kV/cm in xBNN ceramics. A high energy storage density (W_total) of 4.09 J/cm³, recoverable energy storage density (W_rec) of 3.31 J/cm³, and efficiency (η) of 80.9% were attained in the 0.15BNN ceramics. Furthermore, frequency and temperature stability (fluctuations of W_rec ≤ 0.4% over 5–100 Hz and W_rec ≤ 12.3% over 20–120 °C) were also observed. The 0.15BNN ceramics exhibited a large power density (19 MW/cm³) and ultrafast discharge time (~37 ns) over the range of ambient temperature to 120 °C. These enhanced performances may be attributed to the improved breakdown strength and relaxor behavior through the incorporation of BNN. In conclusion, these findings indicate that 0.15BNN ceramics may serve as promising materials for pulsed power systems.     

Crystallographic characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of Ni-modified MgTa2O6 ceramics

Ni²⁺ modified MgTa₂O₆ ceramics with a trirutile phase and space group P4₂/mnm were obtained. The correlations between crystallographic characteristics and microwave dielectric performance of MgTa₂O₆ ceramics were systematically studied based on the chemistry bond theory (PVL theory) for the first time. The results indicate that the introduction of Ni²⁺ causes a change in polarizability and the Mg–O bond ionicity, which contributes to the variation of dielectric constant. Moreover, the lattice energy, and packing fraction, full width at half maximum of the Raman peak of Ta–O bond, as the quantitative characterization of crystallographic parameters, regulate the dielectric loss of MgTa₂O₆ ceramics in GHz frequency band. In addition, the study of sintering behavior shows that the densification and micromorphology are the crucial factors affecting the microwave dielectric performance. Typically, Ni²⁺ doping on the A-site of MgTa₂O₆ can effectively promote the Q × f values to 173,000 GHz (at 7.43 GHz), which ensures its applicability in 5G communication technology.     

Compliance-based testing method for fatigue crack propagation rates of mixed-mode I–II cracks

Science China Technological Sciences - Mixed-mode I-II crack-based fatigue crack propagation (FCPI-II) usually occurs in engineering structures; however, no theoretical formula or effective...     

The effect of alkali metal oxide on the properties of borosilicate fireproof glass: Structure,thermal properties,viscosity, chemical stability

The purpose of the current work was to research the effect of alkali metal oxide on the structure, thermal properties, viscosity and chemical stability in the glass system (R₂O–CaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂) systematically. Because the glass would emulsify when Li₂O was added to the glass batch, this article did not discuss Li₂O. The results showed that when the amount of Na₂O was less than 4 mol.%, there was a higher interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks in glass, as more mixed Si–O–B bonds were present in glass. The glass samples exhibited excellent thermal properties and chemical stabilities. As the amount of Na₂O exceeded 4 mol.%, the interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks was weakened. The thermal properties and chemical stabilities of the glass samples were reduced. The connectivity of the silicate sub-network was weakened slightly as the Na/K ratio varied, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass samples gradually increased, and the resistance to thermal shock (RTS) value gradually decreased. Moreover, the viscosity of the glass samples decreased with the ratio of Na/Si and Na/K increased.     

Influence of bio-clogging on permeability characteristics of soil

It is necessary to enhance the barrier performance of cutoff walls in order to improve the contamination control level, especially for reconstruction or expansion of existing landfill sites. This paper presents a comprehensive laboratory investigation on the synergistic effects of microorganisms and fibers on the hydraulic conductivity of silty sand to evaluate the applicability to the field condition as an alterative barrier material. Inside the soil, the added carbon fibers not only provided good biocompatibility, but also formed spatial three-dimensional network between soil particles to improve the bacterial adhesion that eventually caused 2–3 orders of magnitude decrease in soil permeability. The resistance of the biofilm to extreme conditions was tested by permeation with solutions of different salinity and pH values, and by subjecting specimens to various hydraulic gradients and soil conditions. Despite the microbial growth inhibition occurred at these conditions, however, biofilm can largely remain intact and continue to reduce k, which due to the gradual adaptation of microorganisms to the extreme environment and the gradual recovery of their activity. Results of these tests demonstrate that biofilm treatment may be a feasible technology for creating waste containment barriers in soil.     

The peptides in oat and malt extracts that are preferentially absorbed by Lactobacillus plantarum and stimulates its proliferation in milk

Lactobacillus plantarum proliferates inefficiently in milk, mainly because of its lack of cell envelope proteases and its inability to hydrolyse proteins in milk. Our previous study showed that this strain could grow well in milk with the addition of oat and malt extracts. To investigate the usage and preference for polypeptides and oligopeptides for this strain, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), plate counting and other methods were used in this study. The results showed that proteins in fermented milk cannot be absorbed and utilised by L. plantarum, whereas polypeptides and oligopeptides provide available nitrogen sources for their growth. Short-chain peptides were more conducive to absorption and utilisation than long-chain peptides. In particular, peptides with molecular weights in the range of 200–1400 Da in the oat extract and 100–700 Da in the malt extract were preferentially absorbed and utilised.     

浅议现代医院装修改造工程管理措施

近年来,我国医疗卫生事业得到快速发展,新建了大量的医院装修改造工程,以改善医疗卫生环境,满足医疗服务质量需求.但是,现代医院装修改造工程具有施工难度大、周期长、管理要素多的特征.如何推动工程管理体系跨越式发展、突破传统管理模式局限性,是业界讨论重点.基于此,本文对现代医院装修改造工程的质量、进度、造价、风险管理体系展开探讨,提出管理措施,藉此为同类工程管理活动提供参考借鉴.     

Alkali metal ion substitution induced luminescence enhancement of NaLaMgWO6:Eu3+ red phosphor for white light-emitting diodes

Alkali metal ion substitution is an effective strategy to improve the luminescence properties of phosphors. In this work, a series of red-emitting phosphors Na_1-xLi_x/2K_x/2La_0.6Eu_0.4MgWO₆ were prepared by a traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction. Their phase structure, microstructure, luminescence properties and potential application in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) were investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) result revealed the formation of a solid solution when x?≤?0.3, which kept monoclinic structure of NaLaMgWO₆. Photoluminescence investigation indicated that the partial substitution of Li⁺/K⁺ ions for Na⁺ ions improved largely the red emission of Eu³⁺. Based on the optimized Na_0.7Li_0.15K_0.15La_0.6Eu_0.4MgWO₆ sample with relatively good thermal stability, a WLED device was fabricated by combining a near-ultraviolet (NUV) chip (~400?nm) with the phosphor mixture of commercial green/blue phosphors and the optimized red phosphor. The results indicated that the optimized red phosphor in this work could be a potential candidate for WLEDs pumped by NUV chips.     

“互联网+”在乌弄龙、里底水电工程安全管理中的应用

实施互联网保障安全,是水电工程建设项目顺利推进的必要选择。人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态是指由于生产过程中使用的物质、能量等的客观存在而可能导致事故和伤害发生的状态,所以说物的不安全状态是事故发生的根源,如果没有物的安全状态存在,则人的行为也就无所谓安全了。     

Study on optimal control strategy for regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine during transient process

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Controlling the turbo bypass valve is valid to enhance transient characteristic of turbocharging system. Appropriate fuel delivery is beneficial to...